Initial commit.

4 years ago · ed35935f7e
14 changed files with 1437 additions and 0 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/.vscode
+/build
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
+project(vk_expe VERSION 0.1.0)
+
+find_package(Eigen3 3.3 REQUIRED)
+find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
+find_package(SDL2 2.0.18 REQUIRED)
+
+include(CTest)
+enable_testing()
+
+function(add_shaders TARGET)
+    foreach(SRC ${ARGN})
+        set(DST "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${SRC}.spv")
+        list(APPEND SPVS "${DST}")
+        get_filename_component(DST_DIR "${DST}" DIRECTORY)
+        file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${DST_DIR}")
+        add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT "${DST}"
+            COMMAND "$ENV{VULKAN_SDK}/bin/glslc" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC}" -o "${DST}"
+            MAIN_DEPENDENCY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC}"
+        )
+    endforeach()
+
+    add_custom_target(
+        ${TARGET}_shaders
+        DEPENDS ${SPVS}
+    )
+
+    add_dependencies(${TARGET} ${TARGET}_shaders)
+endfunction()
+
+add_executable(vk_expe
+    src/main.cpp
+    src/utils.cpp
+    src/Logger.cpp
+    src/VkExpe.cpp
+    src/VulkanTutorial.cpp
+)
+
+add_shaders(vk_expe
+    shaders/shader.vert
+    shaders/shader.frag
+)
+
+target_compile_features(vk_expe
+    PUBLIC cxx_std_17
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(vk_expe
+    PUBLIC Eigen3::Eigen
+    PUBLIC Vulkan::Vulkan
+    PUBLIC SDL2::SDL2
+)
+
+set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
+set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
+include(CPack)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
--- a/shaders/shader.frag
+++ b/shaders/shader.frag
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 fragColor;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+void main() {
+    outColor = vec4(fragColor, 1.0);
+}
--- a/shaders/shader.vert
+++ b/shaders/shader.vert
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec3 fragColor;
+
+vec2 positions[3] = vec2[](
+    vec2(0.0, -0.5),
+    vec2(0.5, 0.5),
+    vec2(-0.5, 0.5)
+);
+
+vec3 colors[3] = vec3[](
+    vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+    vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+);
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(positions[gl_VertexIndex], 0.0, 1.0);
+    fragColor = colors[gl_VertexIndex];
+}
--- a/src/Logger.cpp
+++ b/src/Logger.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "Logger.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+
+LogStream::LogStream(std::ostream& out)
+    : m_out(out) {
+}
+
+LogStream::~LogStream() {
+    m_out << "\033[m\n" << std::flush;
+}
+
+
+Logger::Logger() {
+}
+
+Logger::~Logger() {
+}
+
+LogStream Logger::error() {
+    std::clog << "\033[31m";
+    return LogStream(std::clog);
+}
+
+LogStream Logger::warning() {
+    std::clog << "\033[33m";
+    return LogStream(std::clog);
+}
+
+LogStream Logger::info() {
+    // std::clog << "\033[37m";
+    return LogStream(std::clog);
+}
+
+LogStream Logger::debug() {
+    std::clog << "\033[2m";
+    return LogStream(std::clog);
+}
+
+Logger logger;
--- a/src/Logger.h
+++ b/src/Logger.h
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+
+class LogStream {
+public:
+    LogStream(std::ostream& out);
+    LogStream(const LogStream&) = delete;
+    ~LogStream();
+
+    LogStream& operator=(const LogStream&) = delete;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    LogStream& operator<<(T&& value) {
+        m_out << std::forward<T>(value);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::ostream& m_out;
+};
+
+
+class Logger {
+public:
+    Logger();
+    Logger(const Logger&) = delete;
+    ~Logger();
+
+    Logger& operator=(const Logger&) = delete;
+
+    LogStream error();
+    LogStream warning();
+    LogStream info();
+    LogStream debug();
+};
+
+extern Logger logger;
--- a/src/VkExpe.cpp
+++ b/src/VkExpe.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "VkExpe.h"
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "Logger.h"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <iostream>
+
+
+void SdlWindowDeleter::operator()(SDL_Window* window) const {
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+}
+
+
+VkExpe::VkExpe(int argc, char** argv) {
+}
+
+VkExpe::~VkExpe() {
+    shutdown();
+}
+
+void VkExpe::initialize() {
+    SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVENTS | SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
+
+    auto const window = SDL_CreateWindow(
+        "vk_expe",
+        SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+        800, 600,
+        SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN
+        | SDL_WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI
+        | SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN
+        | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE
+    );
+    m_window = WindowUP(
+        window
+    );
+    if(!m_window)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window");
+
+    m_vulkan.initialize(m_window.get());
+}
+
+void VkExpe::shutdown() {
+    m_vulkan.shutdown();
+
+    m_window.reset();
+
+    if (SDL_WasInit(0))
+        SDL_Quit();
+}
+
+void VkExpe::run() {
+    if(m_running)
+        throw std::runtime_error("calling run while already running");
+
+    initialize();
+
+    m_running = true;
+    auto running_guard = make_guard([this] {
+        m_running = false;
+    });
+
+    SDL_Event event;
+    while(m_running) {
+        while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+            switch(event.type) {
+            case SDL_QUIT:
+                m_running = false;
+                break;
+            case SDL_KEYDOWN: {
+                if(event.key.keysym.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE)
+                    m_running = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            case SDL_WINDOWEVENT: {
+                switch(event.window.event) {
+                case SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESIZED: {
+                    m_vulkan.invalidate_swapchain();
+                }
+                }
+            }
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_vulkan.draw_frame();
+    }
+}
--- a/src/VkExpe.h
+++ b/src/VkExpe.h
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "VulkanTutorial.h"
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+
+struct SdlWindowDeleter {
+    void operator()(SDL_Window* window) const;
+};
+using WindowUP = std::unique_ptr<SDL_Window, SdlWindowDeleter>;
+
+
+class VkExpe {
+public:
+    VkExpe(int argc, char** argv);
+    VkExpe(const VkExpe&) = delete;
+    ~VkExpe();
+
+    VkExpe& operator=(const VkExpe&) = delete;
+
+    void initialize();
+    void shutdown();
+
+    void run();
+
+private:
+    VulkanTutorial m_vulkan;
+    WindowUP m_window;
+    bool m_running = false;
+};
--- a/src/VulkanTutorial.cpp
+++ b/src/VulkanTutorial.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,972 @@
+#include "VulkanTutorial.h"
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "Logger.h"
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL_vulkan.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+
+PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkeCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT = nullptr;
+PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkeDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT = nullptr;
+
+
+VulkanTutorial::VulkanTutorial() {
+}
+
+VulkanTutorial::~VulkanTutorial() {
+    shutdown();
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::initialize(SDL_Window* window) {
+    m_window = window;
+
+    create_instance();
+    create_surface();
+    find_physical_device();
+    create_device();
+    create_swapchain();
+    create_render_pass();
+    create_graphic_pipeline();
+    create_framebuffers();
+    create_command_pool();
+    create_command_buffers();
+    create_sync_objects();
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::shutdown() {
+    if(!m_instance)
+        return;
+
+    vkDeviceWaitIdle(m_device);
+
+
+    for(VkFence fence: m_in_flight_fence)
+        vkDestroyFence(m_device, fence, nullptr);
+    m_in_flight_fence.clear();
+
+    for(VkSemaphore semaphore: m_render_finished_semaphores)
+        vkDestroySemaphore(m_device, semaphore, nullptr);
+    m_render_finished_semaphores.clear();
+
+    for(VkSemaphore semaphore: m_image_available_semaphores)
+        vkDestroySemaphore(m_device, semaphore, nullptr);
+    m_image_available_semaphores.clear();
+
+    if(m_command_pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyCommandPool(m_device, m_command_pool, nullptr);
+        m_command_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    cleanup_swap_chain();
+
+    if(m_device) {
+        vkDestroyDevice(m_device, nullptr);
+        m_device = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if(m_surface) {
+        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(m_instance, m_surface, nullptr);
+        m_surface = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if(m_debug_messenger != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkeDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(
+            m_instance, m_debug_messenger, nullptr);
+        m_debug_messenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    vkDestroyInstance(m_instance, nullptr);
+    m_instance = nullptr;
+    m_physical_device = nullptr;
+
+    m_window = nullptr;
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::draw_frame() {
+    vkWaitForFences(m_device, 1, &m_in_flight_fence[m_frame_index], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
+
+    uint32_t image_index;
+    VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(m_device, m_swapchain, UINT64_MAX, m_image_available_semaphores[m_frame_index], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &image_index);
+    if(result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
+        recreate_swap_chain();
+        return;
+    }
+    else if(result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to acquire swapchain image");
+
+    if(m_images_in_flight[image_index] != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+        vkWaitForFences(m_device, 1, &m_images_in_flight[image_index], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
+    m_images_in_flight[image_index] = m_in_flight_fence[image_index];
+
+    VkSemaphore wait_semaphores[] = {
+        m_image_available_semaphores[m_frame_index],
+    };
+    VkPipelineStageFlags stages[] = {
+        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+    };
+    VkSemaphore signal_semaphores[] = {
+        m_render_finished_semaphores[m_frame_index],
+    };
+    VkSubmitInfo submit_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+        .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+        .pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores,
+        .pWaitDstStageMask = stages,
+        .commandBufferCount = 1,
+        .pCommandBuffers = &m_command_buffers[image_index],
+        .signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+        .pSignalSemaphores = signal_semaphores,
+    };
+
+    vkResetFences(m_device, 1, &m_in_flight_fence[m_frame_index]);
+    if(vkQueueSubmit(m_graphic_queue, 1, &submit_info, m_in_flight_fence[m_frame_index]))
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer");
+
+    VkPresentInfoKHR present_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
+        .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+        .pWaitSemaphores = signal_semaphores,
+        .swapchainCount = 1,
+        .pSwapchains = &m_swapchain,
+        .pImageIndices = &image_index,
+        .pResults = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    result = vkQueuePresentKHR(m_presentation_queue, &present_info);
+    if(result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR || m_invalid_swapchain)
+        recreate_swap_chain();
+    if(result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to present swapchain image");
+
+    m_frame_index = (m_frame_index + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::invalidate_swapchain() {
+    m_invalid_swapchain = true;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> VulkanTutorial::available_extensions() {
+    uint32_t count;
+    vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions(count);
+    vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &count, extensions.data());
+
+    return extensions;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkLayerProperties> VulkanTutorial::available_layers() {
+    uint32_t count;
+    vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> layers(count);
+    vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&count, layers.data());
+
+    return layers;
+}
+
+VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL VulkanTutorial::print_debug_message(
+        VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity,
+        VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
+        const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* data,
+        void* user_data
+) {
+    auto stream = [severity]() {
+        switch(severity) {
+        case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT:
+            return logger.debug();
+        case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT:
+            return logger.info();
+        case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT:
+            return logger.warning();
+        case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT:
+            return logger.error();
+        }
+        return logger.debug();
+    }();
+
+    switch(type) {
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT:
+        stream << "[vk:general] ";
+        break;
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT:
+        stream << "[vk:validation] ";
+        break;
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT:
+        stream << "[vk:performance] ";
+        break;
+    }
+
+    stream << data->pMessage;
+
+    if(severity == VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT)
+        abort();
+
+    return VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_instance() {
+    if(m_instance)
+        return;
+
+    const char* name = "vk_expe";
+    const uint32_t version = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 1, 0);
+
+    VkApplicationInfo app_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+        .pApplicationName = name,
+        .applicationVersion = version,
+        .pEngineName = name,
+        .engineVersion = version,
+        .apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_1,
+    };
+
+    std::vector<const char*> layers;
+    std::vector<const char*> extensions;
+
+    {
+        unsigned count;
+        if(!SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(m_window, &count, nullptr))
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to get window's vulkan extensions");
+        extensions.resize(count);
+
+        if(!SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(m_window, &count, extensions.data()))
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to get window's vulkan extensions");
+    }
+
+    if(m_enableValidation) {
+        extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+
+        auto const available_layers = VulkanTutorial::available_layers();
+
+        auto add_layer_if_available = [&](const char* requested_layer) {
+            if(std::find_if(
+                available_layers.begin(),
+                available_layers.end(),
+                [requested_layer](const VkLayerProperties& layer) {
+                    return std::strcmp(layer.layerName, requested_layer) == 0;
+                }
+            ) != available_layers.end()) {
+                layers.push_back(requested_layer);
+            }
+            else {
+                logger.warning() << "requested layer '" << requested_layer
+                    << "' is not available";
+            }
+        };
+
+        add_layer_if_available("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
+    }
+
+    m_debug_info = VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+        .messageSeverity =
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT |
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT |
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT,
+        .messageType =
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT |
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT |
+            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT,
+        .pfnUserCallback = &print_debug_message,
+        .pUserData = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    VkInstanceCreateInfo instance_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = &m_debug_info,
+        .pApplicationInfo = &app_info,
+        .enabledLayerCount = uint32_t(layers.size()),
+        .ppEnabledLayerNames = layers.data(),
+        .enabledExtensionCount = uint32_t(extensions.size()),
+        .ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(),
+    };
+
+    logger.debug() << "Requested extensions:";
+    for(const char* extension: extensions)
+        logger.debug() << "  " << extension;
+    logger.debug() << "Requested layers:";
+    for(const char* layer: layers)
+        logger.debug() << "  " << layer;
+
+    logger.debug() << "create vulkan instance...";
+    if(vkCreateInstance(&instance_info, nullptr, &m_instance) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create vulkan instance");
+
+    initialize_extension_functions();
+
+    if(m_enableValidation) {
+        vkeCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(
+            m_instance, &m_debug_info, nullptr, &m_debug_messenger);
+    }
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_surface() {
+    if(!SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(m_window, m_instance, &m_surface))
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create surface");
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::find_physical_device() {
+    auto const physical_devices = get_physical_devices();
+    for(auto const physical_device: physical_devices) {
+        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties device_properties;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physical_device, &device_properties);
+
+        int graphic_family = -1;
+        int presentation_family = -1;
+
+        auto const queue_families = get_queue_families(physical_device);
+        int index = 0;
+        for(auto const& queue_family: queue_families) {
+            if(queue_family.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
+                graphic_family = index;
+
+            VkBool32 support_surface = false;
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physical_device, index, m_surface, &support_surface);
+            if(support_surface)
+                presentation_family = index;
+
+            index += 1;
+        }
+
+        if(graphic_family < 0 || presentation_family < 0)
+            continue;
+
+        auto const available_extensions = get_device_extensions(physical_device);
+        auto has_extension = [&available_extensions](const char* required_extension) {
+            return std::find_if(
+                available_extensions.begin(),
+                available_extensions.end(),
+                [required_extension](const VkExtensionProperties& extension) {
+                    return strcmp(extension.extensionName, required_extension) == 0;
+                }
+            ) != available_extensions.end();
+        };
+
+        if(!has_extension(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME))
+            continue;
+
+        auto const surface_formats = get_surface_formats(physical_device);
+        if(surface_formats.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        auto const present_modes = get_present_modes(physical_device);
+        if(present_modes.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        logger.info() << "use suitable device: " << device_properties.deviceName;
+        m_physical_device = physical_device;
+        m_graphic_queue_family = uint32_t(graphic_family);
+        m_presentation_queue_family = uint32_t(presentation_family);
+
+        auto const surface_format_it = std::find_if(
+            surface_formats.begin(),
+            surface_formats.end(),
+            [](const VkSurfaceFormatKHR& surface_format) {
+                return surface_format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB
+                    && surface_format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;
+            }
+        );
+        m_swapchain_format = (surface_format_it != surface_formats.end())?
+            *surface_format_it:
+            surface_formats[0];
+        logger.debug() << "swapchain format: " << m_swapchain_format.format;
+
+        m_present_mode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+        logger.debug() << "present mode: " << m_present_mode;
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if(!m_physical_device)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable physical device");
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_device() {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> queue_families {
+        m_graphic_queue_family,
+        m_presentation_queue_family,
+    };
+    std::sort(queue_families.begin(), queue_families.end());
+    queue_families.erase(
+        std::unique(queue_families.begin(), queue_families.end()),
+        queue_families.end()
+    );
+
+    float queue_priority = 1.0f;
+    std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queue_infos;
+    for(uint32_t queue_family: queue_families) {
+        queue_infos.emplace_back(VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+            .queueFamilyIndex = queue_family,
+            .queueCount = 1,
+            .pQueuePriorities = &queue_priority,
+        });
+    }
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures device_features {
+    };
+
+    std::vector<const char*> extensions {
+        VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
+    };
+
+    VkDeviceCreateInfo device_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .queueCreateInfoCount = uint32_t(queue_infos.size()),
+        .pQueueCreateInfos = queue_infos.data(),
+        .enabledExtensionCount = uint32_t(extensions.size()),
+        .ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(),
+        .pEnabledFeatures = &device_features,
+    };
+
+    logger.debug() << "create vulkan device...";
+    if(vkCreateDevice(m_physical_device, &device_info, nullptr, &m_device) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device");
+
+    vkGetDeviceQueue(m_device, m_graphic_queue_family, 0, &m_graphic_queue);
+    vkGetDeviceQueue(m_device, m_presentation_queue_family, 0, &m_presentation_queue);
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_swapchain() {
+    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(m_physical_device, m_surface, &capabilities);
+
+    m_swapchain_extent = capabilities.currentExtent;
+    if(m_swapchain_extent.width == UINT32_MAX) {
+        int width;
+        int height;
+        SDL_Vulkan_GetDrawableSize(m_window, &width, &height);
+
+        m_swapchain_extent.width = std::clamp(
+            uint32_t(width),
+            capabilities.minImageExtent.width,
+            capabilities.maxImageExtent.width
+        );
+        m_swapchain_extent.height = std::clamp(
+            uint32_t(height),
+            capabilities.minImageExtent.height,
+            capabilities.maxImageExtent.height
+        );
+    }
+    logger.debug() << "swapchain extent: " << m_swapchain_extent.width
+        << ", " << m_swapchain_extent.height;
+
+    uint32_t image_count = capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
+    if(capabilities.maxImageCount != 0)
+        image_count = std::min(image_count, capabilities.maxImageCount);
+    logger.debug() << "swapchain image count: " << image_count;
+
+    bool share_image = (m_graphic_queue_family != m_presentation_queue_family);
+    uint32_t queue_families[] = {
+        m_graphic_queue_family,
+        m_presentation_queue_family,
+    };
+
+    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchain_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+        .surface = m_surface,
+        .minImageCount = image_count,
+        .imageFormat = m_swapchain_format.format,
+        .imageColorSpace = m_swapchain_format.colorSpace,
+        .imageExtent = m_swapchain_extent,
+        .imageArrayLayers = 1,
+        .imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+        .imageSharingMode = share_image?
+            VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT:
+            VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+        .queueFamilyIndexCount = share_image? 2u: 0u,
+        .pQueueFamilyIndices = share_image? queue_families: nullptr,
+        .preTransform = capabilities.currentTransform,
+        .compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+        .presentMode = m_present_mode,
+        .clipped = VK_TRUE,
+        .oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+    };
+
+    if(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(m_device, &swapchain_info, nullptr, &m_swapchain) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swapchain");
+
+    vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_device, m_swapchain, &image_count, nullptr);
+    m_swapchain_images.resize(image_count);
+    vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_device, m_swapchain, &image_count, m_swapchain_images.data());
+
+    m_swapchain_image_views.resize(image_count);
+    for(size_t index = 0; index < image_count; index += 1) {
+        VkImageViewCreateInfo view_info {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+            .image = m_swapchain_images[index],
+            .viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+            .format = m_swapchain_format.format,
+            .components = {
+                .r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+                .g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+                .b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+                .a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+            },
+            .subresourceRange = {
+                .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = 1,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = 1,
+            },
+        };
+
+        if(vkCreateImageView(m_device, &view_info, nullptr, &m_swapchain_image_views[index]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swapchain image view");
+    }
+
+    m_invalid_swapchain = false;
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_render_pass() {
+    VkAttachmentDescription color_attachment {
+        .format = m_swapchain_format.format,
+        .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+        .loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+        .storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
+        .stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+        .stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+        .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+        .finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
+    };
+
+    VkAttachmentReference color_attachment_ref = {
+        .attachment = 0,
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+    };
+
+    VkSubpassDescription subpass {
+        .pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+        .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+        .pColorAttachments = &color_attachment_ref,
+    };
+
+    VkSubpassDependency subpass_dep = {
+        .srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
+        .dstSubpass = 0,
+        .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+        .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+        .srcAccessMask = 0,
+        .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+    };
+
+    VkRenderPassCreateInfo render_pass_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
+        .attachmentCount = 1,
+        .pAttachments = &color_attachment,
+        .subpassCount = 1,
+        .pSubpasses = &subpass,
+        .dependencyCount = 1,
+        .pDependencies = &subpass_dep,
+    };
+
+    if(vkCreateRenderPass(m_device, &render_pass_info, nullptr, &m_render_pass) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass");
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_graphic_pipeline() {
+    auto const vertex_shader_module = create_shader_module_from_file("shaders/shader.vert.spv");
+    auto const vertex_shader_guard = make_guard([&]{
+        vkDestroyShaderModule(m_device, vertex_shader_module, nullptr);
+    });
+
+    auto const fragment_shader_module = create_shader_module_from_file("shaders/shader.frag.spv");
+    auto const fragment_shader_guard = make_guard([&]{
+        vkDestroyShaderModule(m_device, fragment_shader_module, nullptr);
+    });
+
+    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shader_stage_infos[] = {
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+            .stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            .module = vertex_shader_module,
+            .pName = "main",
+        },
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+            .stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+            .module = fragment_shader_module,
+            .pName = "main",
+        },
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertex_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0,
+        .pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr,
+        .vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0,
+        .pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo assembly_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
+        .primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE,
+    };
+
+    VkViewport viewport {
+        .x = 0.0f,
+        .y = 0.0f,
+        .width = float(m_swapchain_extent.width),
+        .height = float(m_swapchain_extent.height),
+        .minDepth = 0.0f,
+        .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+    };
+
+    VkRect2D scissor = {
+        .offset = { 0, 0 },
+        .extent = m_swapchain_extent,
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .viewportCount = 1,
+        .pViewports = &viewport,
+        .scissorCount = 1,
+        .pScissors = &scissor,
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterization_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
+        .cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
+        .frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
+        .depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f,
+        .depthBiasClamp = 0.0f,
+        .depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f,
+        .lineWidth = 1.0f,
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+        .sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .minSampleShading = 1.0f,
+        .pSampleMask = nullptr,
+        .alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState color_blend_attachment {
+        .blendEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
+        .dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
+        .colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
+        .srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
+        .dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
+        .alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
+        .colorWriteMask =
+            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT |
+            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
+            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT |
+            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo color_blend_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY,
+        .attachmentCount = 1,
+        .pAttachments = &color_blend_attachment,
+        .blendConstants = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo layout_info = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+        .setLayoutCount = 0,
+        .pSetLayouts = nullptr,
+        .pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
+        .pPushConstantRanges = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    if(vkCreatePipelineLayout(m_device, &layout_info, nullptr, &m_pipeline_layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout");
+
+    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipeline_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .stageCount = 2,
+        .pStages = shader_stage_infos,
+        .pVertexInputState = &vertex_info,
+        .pInputAssemblyState = &assembly_info,
+        .pViewportState = &viewport_info,
+        .pRasterizationState = &rasterization_info,
+        .pMultisampleState = &multisample_info,
+        .pDepthStencilState = nullptr,
+        .pColorBlendState = &color_blend_info,
+        .pDynamicState = nullptr,
+        .layout = m_pipeline_layout,
+        .renderPass = m_render_pass,
+        .subpass = 0,
+        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+        .basePipelineIndex = -1,
+    };
+
+    if(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(m_device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipeline_info, nullptr, &m_pipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphic pipeline");
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_framebuffers() {
+    m_framebuffers.resize(m_swapchain_image_views.size());
+
+    for(size_t index = 0; index < m_framebuffers.size(); index += 1) {
+        VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebuffer_info {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+            .renderPass = m_render_pass,
+            .attachmentCount = 1,
+            .pAttachments = &m_swapchain_image_views[index],
+            .width = m_swapchain_extent.width,
+            .height = m_swapchain_extent.height,
+            .layers = 1,
+        };
+
+        if(vkCreateFramebuffer(m_device, &framebuffer_info, nullptr, &m_framebuffers[index]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer");
+    }
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_command_pool() {
+    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo pool_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .queueFamilyIndex = m_graphic_queue_family,
+    };
+
+    if(vkCreateCommandPool(m_device, &pool_info, nullptr, &m_command_pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool");
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_command_buffers() {
+    m_command_buffers.resize(m_framebuffers.size());
+
+    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocate_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .commandPool = m_command_pool,
+        .level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+        .commandBufferCount = uint32_t(m_command_buffers.size()),
+    };
+
+    if(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(m_device, &allocate_info, m_command_buffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers");
+
+    for(size_t index = 0; index < m_command_buffers.size(); index += 1) {
+        VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = m_command_buffers[index];
+
+        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+            .flags = 0,
+            .pInheritanceInfo = nullptr,
+        };
+
+        logger.debug() << "record command buffer " << index << " (" << command_buffer << ")";
+
+        if(vkBeginCommandBuffer(command_buffer, &begin_info) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin command buffer");
+
+        VkClearValue clear_color = {
+            .color = {
+                .float32 = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }
+            }
+        };
+
+        VkRenderPassBeginInfo pass_info {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+            .renderPass = m_render_pass,
+            .framebuffer = m_framebuffers[index],
+            .renderArea = {
+                .offset = { 0, 0 },
+                .extent = m_swapchain_extent,
+            },
+            .clearValueCount = 1,
+            .pClearValues = &clear_color,
+        };
+
+        vkCmdBeginRenderPass(command_buffer, &pass_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+        vkCmdBindPipeline(command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, m_pipeline);
+        vkCmdDraw(command_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);
+        vkCmdEndRenderPass(command_buffer);
+
+        if(vkEndCommandBuffer(command_buffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw("failed to record command buffer");
+    }
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::create_sync_objects() {
+    m_image_available_semaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
+    m_render_finished_semaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
+    m_in_flight_fence.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
+    m_images_in_flight.resize(m_swapchain_images.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+
+    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
+    };
+
+    VkFenceCreateInfo fence_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT,
+    };
+
+    for(size_t index = 0; index < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; index += 1) {
+        if(vkCreateSemaphore(m_device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &m_image_available_semaphores[index]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create semaphore");
+        if(vkCreateSemaphore(m_device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &m_render_finished_semaphores[index]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create semaphore");
+        if(vkCreateFence(m_device, &fence_info, nullptr, &m_in_flight_fence[index]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create fence");
+    }
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::cleanup_swap_chain() {
+    if (m_command_pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_command_buffers.size() != 0)
+        vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_command_pool, uint32_t(m_command_buffers.size()), m_command_buffers.data());
+    m_command_buffers.clear();
+
+    for(VkFramebuffer framebuffer: m_framebuffers)
+        vkDestroyFramebuffer(m_device, framebuffer, nullptr);
+    m_framebuffers.clear();
+
+    if(m_pipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, m_pipeline, nullptr);
+        m_pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    if(m_pipeline_layout != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(m_device, m_pipeline_layout, nullptr);
+        m_pipeline_layout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    if(m_render_pass != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyRenderPass(m_device, m_render_pass, nullptr);
+        m_render_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    for(VkImageView view: m_swapchain_image_views)
+        vkDestroyImageView(m_device, view, nullptr);
+    m_swapchain_image_views.clear();
+
+    if(m_swapchain) {
+        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(m_device, m_swapchain, nullptr);
+        m_swapchain_images.clear();
+        m_swapchain = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::recreate_swap_chain() {
+    vkDeviceWaitIdle(m_device);
+
+    logger.info() << "recreate swapchain";
+
+    cleanup_swap_chain();
+
+    create_swapchain();
+    create_render_pass();
+    create_graphic_pipeline();
+    create_framebuffers();
+    create_command_buffers();
+}
+
+VkShaderModule VulkanTutorial::create_shader_module(const std::vector<char> bytecode) {
+    VkShaderModuleCreateInfo shader_info {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .codeSize = bytecode.size(),
+        .pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(bytecode.data()),
+    };
+
+    VkShaderModule shader_module = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    if(vkCreateShaderModule(m_device, &shader_info, nullptr, &shader_module) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module");
+
+    return shader_module;
+}
+
+VkShaderModule VulkanTutorial::create_shader_module_from_file(const char* path) {
+    auto const bytecode = read_binary_file(path);
+    try {
+        return create_shader_module(bytecode);
+    }
+    catch(std::exception err) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(cat("failed to create shader '", path, "':\n  ", err.what()));
+    }
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> VulkanTutorial::get_physical_devices() const {
+    uint32_t devices_count = 0;
+    vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(m_instance, &devices_count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physical_devices(devices_count);
+    vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(m_instance, &devices_count, physical_devices.data());
+
+    return physical_devices;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> VulkanTutorial::get_queue_families(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const {
+    uint32_t queue_families_count = 0;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &queue_families_count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queue_families(queue_families_count);
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &queue_families_count, queue_families.data());
+
+    return queue_families;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> VulkanTutorial::get_device_extensions(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const {
+    uint32_t extensions_count = 0;
+    vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &extensions_count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions(extensions_count);
+    vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &extensions_count, extensions.data());
+
+    return extensions;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> VulkanTutorial::get_surface_formats(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const {
+    uint32_t surface_formats_count = 0;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, m_surface, &surface_formats_count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> surface_formats(surface_formats_count);
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, m_surface, &surface_formats_count, surface_formats.data());
+
+    return surface_formats;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> VulkanTutorial::get_present_modes(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const {
+    uint32_t present_modes_count = 0;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, m_surface, &present_modes_count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> present_modes(present_modes_count);
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, m_surface, &present_modes_count, present_modes.data());
+
+    return present_modes;
+}
+
+void VulkanTutorial::initialize_extension_functions() {
+    uint32_t errors_count = 0;
+
+    #define GET_PROC_ADDR(func_name) \
+        vke ## func_name = (PFN_vk ## func_name)vkGetInstanceProcAddr( \
+            m_instance, "vk" #func_name); \
+        if(vke ## func_name == nullptr) \
+        { \
+            logger.error() << "failed to load extension function 'vk" #func_name "'"; \
+            errors_count += 1; \
+        }
+
+    GET_PROC_ADDR(CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
+    GET_PROC_ADDR(DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
+
+    if(errors_count != 0)
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to load extensions");
+}
--- a/src/VulkanTutorial.h
+++ b/src/VulkanTutorial.h
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+#if defined(VKEXPE_ENABLE_VALIDATION) || !defined(NDEBUG)
+#define VKEXPE_VALIDATION true
+#else
+#define VKEXPE_VALIDATION false
+#endif
+
+extern PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkeCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkeDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT;
+
+
+class VulkanTutorial {
+public:
+    VulkanTutorial();
+    VulkanTutorial(const VulkanTutorial&) = delete;
+    ~VulkanTutorial();
+
+    VulkanTutorial& operator=(const VulkanTutorial&) = delete;
+
+    void initialize(SDL_Window* window);
+    void shutdown();
+
+    void draw_frame();
+    void invalidate_swapchain();
+
+    static std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> available_extensions();
+    static std::vector<VkLayerProperties> available_layers();
+
+    static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL print_debug_message(
+        VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity,
+        VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
+        const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* data,
+        void* user_data
+    );
+
+private:
+    void create_instance();
+    void create_surface();
+    void find_physical_device();
+    void create_device();
+    void create_swapchain();
+    void create_render_pass();
+    void create_graphic_pipeline();
+    void create_framebuffers();
+    void create_command_pool();
+    void create_command_buffers();
+    void create_sync_objects();
+
+    void cleanup_swap_chain();
+    void recreate_swap_chain();
+
+    VkShaderModule create_shader_module(const std::vector<char> bytecode);
+    VkShaderModule create_shader_module_from_file(const char* path);
+
+    std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> get_physical_devices() const;
+    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> get_queue_families(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const;
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> get_device_extensions(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const;
+    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> get_surface_formats(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const;
+    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> get_present_modes(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device) const;
+
+    void initialize_extension_functions();
+
+private:
+    SDL_Window* m_window = nullptr;
+
+    VkInstance m_instance = nullptr;
+    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT m_debug_messenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkSurfaceKHR m_surface;
+    VkPhysicalDevice m_physical_device = nullptr;
+    VkDevice m_device = nullptr;
+    VkQueue m_graphic_queue = nullptr;
+    VkQueue m_presentation_queue = nullptr;
+    VkSwapchainKHR m_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    std::vector<VkImage> m_swapchain_images;
+    std::vector<VkImageView> m_swapchain_image_views;
+    VkRenderPass m_render_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkPipelineLayout m_pipeline_layout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkPipeline m_pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    std::vector<VkFramebuffer> m_framebuffers;
+    VkCommandPool m_command_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> m_command_buffers;
+    std::vector<VkSemaphore> m_image_available_semaphores;
+    std::vector<VkSemaphore> m_render_finished_semaphores;
+    std::vector<VkFence> m_in_flight_fence;
+    std::vector<VkFence> m_images_in_flight;
+
+    uint32_t m_graphic_queue_family = -1;
+    uint32_t m_presentation_queue_family = -1;
+    VkSurfaceFormatKHR m_swapchain_format;
+    VkPresentModeKHR m_present_mode;
+    VkExtent2D m_swapchain_extent;
+
+    size_t m_frame_index = 0;
+    bool m_invalid_swapchain = true;
+
+    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT m_debug_info;
+    bool m_enableValidation = VKEXPE_VALIDATION;
+
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;
+};
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "Logger.h"
+#include "VkExpe.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    VkExpe vk_expe(argc, argv);
+
+    try {
+        vk_expe.run();
+    }
+    catch(std::runtime_error err) {
+        logger.error() << "Error: " << err.what();
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/src/utils.cpp
+++ b/src/utils.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+
+std::vector<char> read_binary_file(const char* path) {
+    std::ifstream istream(path, std::ios_base::ate | std::ios_base::binary);
+    if(!istream.is_open())
+        throw std::runtime_error(cat("failed to open '", path, "'"));
+
+    std::vector<char> buffer(size_t(istream.tellg()));
+
+    istream.seekg(0);
+    istream.read(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    istream.close();
+
+    return buffer;
+}
--- a/src/utils.h
+++ b/src/utils.h
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+
+template<typename T>
+struct Guard {
+    Guard(T&& teardown)
+        : m_teardown(std::move(teardown))
+    {}
+
+    ~Guard() {
+        m_teardown();
+    }
+
+private:
+    T m_teardown;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+Guard<T> make_guard(T&& teardown) {
+    return Guard<T>(std::move(teardown));
+}
+
+template<typename... Args>
+std::string cat(Args&&... args) {
+    std::ostringstream ostream;
+    (ostream << ... << args);
+    return ostream.str();
+}
+
+std::vector<char> read_binary_file(const char* path);